Although intermittent and ephemeral rivers cover a substantial length of riverine network, they have been largely ignored by both terrestrial and aquatic ecologists. Substantial amounts of terrestrial plant litter accumulate in dry river beds and, upon rewetting, this material can undergo rapid microbial processing. In this collaborative project we collected and analyzed terrestrial plant litter from 212 dry riverbeds distributed in all climate zones. The project aim is to assert litter decomposability and microbial respiration after rewetting standardized assays. Finally, the project aims to estimate potential short-term CO2 emissions during rewetting events